Headline: There's no benefit to lowering the drinking age
Byline: Robert Voas
Date: 01/12/2006

(WASHINGTON )After nearly four decades of exacting research on how to save lives and
reduce injuries by preventing drinking and driving, there is a
revanchist attempt afoot to roll back one of the most successful laws
in generations: the minimum legal drinking age of 21.

This is extremely frustrating. While public health researchers must
produce painstaking evidence that's subjected to critical scholarly
review, lower-drinking-age advocates seem to dash off remarks based on
glib conjecture and self-selected facts.

It's startling that anybody - given the enormous bodies of research and
data - would consider lowering the drinking age. And yet, legislation
is currently pending in New Hampshire and Wisconsin to lower the
drinking age for military personnel and for all residents in Vermont.
Just as bad are the arguments from think-tank writers, various
advocates, and even academics (including at least one former college
president) that ignore or manipulate the real evidence and instead rely
on slogans.

I keep hearing the same refrains: "If you're old enough to go to war,
you should be old enough to drink," or "the drinking-age law just
increases the desire for the forbidden fruit," or "lower crash rates
are due to tougher enforcement, not the 21 law," or "Europeans let
their kids drink, so they learn how to be more responsible," or
finally, "I did it when I was a kid, and I'm OK."

First, I'm not sure what going to war and being allowed to drink have
in common. The military takes in youngsters particularly because they
are not yet fully developed and can be molded into soldiers. The 21 law
is predicated on the fact that drinking is more dangerous for youth
because they're still developing mentally and physically, and they lack
experience and are more likely to take risks. Ask platoon leaders and
unit commanders, and they'll tell you that the last thing they want is
young soldiers drinking.

As for the forbidden fruit argument, the opposite is true. Research
shows that back when some states still had a minimum drinking age of
18, youths in those states who were under 21 drank more and continued
to drink more as adults in their early 20s. In states where the
drinking age was 21, teenagers drank less and continue to drink less
through their early 20s.

And the minimum 21 law, by itself, has most certainly resulted in fewer
accidents, because the decline occurred even when there was little
enforcement and tougher penalties had not yet been enacted. According
to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the 21 law has
saved 23,733 lives since states began raising drinking ages in 1975.

Do European countries really have fewer youth drinking problems? No,
that's a myth. Compared to American youth, binge drinking rates among
young people are higher in every European country except Turkey.
Intoxication rates are higher in most countries; in Britain,
Denmark, and Ireland they're more than twice the US level. Intoxication
and binge drinking are directly linked to higher levels of
alcohol-related problems, such as drinking and driving.

But, you drank when you were a kid, and you're OK. Thank goodness,
because many kids aren't OK. An average of 11 American teens die each
day from alcohol-related crashes. Underage drinking leads to increased
teen pregnancy, violent crime, sexual assault, and huge costs to our
communities. Among college students, it leads to 1,700 deaths, 500,000
injuries, 600,000 physical assaults, and 70,000 sexual assaults each
year.

Recently, New Zealand lowered its drinking age, which gave researchers
a good opportunity to study the impact. The result was predictable: The
rate of alcohol-related crashes among young people rose significantly
compared to older drivers.

I've been studying drinking and driving for nearly 40 years and have
been involved in public health and behavioral health for 53 years.
Believe me when I say that lowering the drinking age would be very
dangerous; it would benefit no one except those who profit from alcohol
sales.

If bars and liquor stores can freely provide alcohol to teenagers,
parents will be out of the loop when it comes to their children's
decisions about drinking. Age 21 laws are designed to keep such
decisions within the family where they belong. Our society,
particularly our children and grandchildren, will be immeasurably
better off if we not only leave the minimum drinking age law as it is,
but enforce it better, too.

* Robert Voas is a senior research scientist at the Pacific Institute
for Research and Evaluation.

(c) Copyright 2006 The Christian Science Monitor. All rights reserved.

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